flutter - fcm 푸시 메세지 처리

firebase에서 설명해주는 순서대로 진행하면 된다.

 

Flutter 앱에서 메시지 수신  |  Firebase 클라우드 메시징

 

 

1. firebase_messaging, flutter_local_notifications 패키지 추가

 

firebase_messaging | Flutter Package

 

flutter_local_notifications | Flutter Package

 

 

2. AndroidManifest.xml 에 추가

 

<manifest ...

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.USE_FULL_SCREEN_INTENT" /> 
    
    <application ...

 

 

3. IOS 권한 받기

 

import 'package:firebase_messaging/firebase_messaging.dart';

Future<void> requestPermission() async {
  FirebaseMessaging messaging = FirebaseMessaging.instance;

  NotificationSettings settings = await messaging.requestPermission(
    alert: true,
    announcement: false,
    badge: true,
    carPlay: false,
    criticalAlert: false,
    provisional: false,
    sound: true,
  );

  print('User granted permission: ${settings.authorizationStatus}');
}

 

settings.authorizationStatus 값으로 권한 상태 확인 가능하다.

• authorized: 권한 부여
• denied: 권한을 거부
• notDetermined: 아직 권한 선택하지 않함
• provisional: 임시 권한

 

 

4. fcm토큰값 발행 코드 추가

해당 토큰을 저장해서 사용해야 한다. 백엔드에서 저장하는 로직이 필요하다.

 

void main() async {
  
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  await Firebase.initializeApp(
    options: DefaultFirebaseOptions.currentPlatform,
  );

  final fcmToken = await FirebaseMessaging.instance.getToken();
  log("fcmToken: $fcmToken");

  runApp(const MyApp());
}

 

 

5. 백그라운드 상태에서 메세지 수신 코드 추가

 

@pragma('vm:entry-point') // Flutter 3.3 이상인 경우 @pragma 달기
Future<void> _firebaseMessagingBackgroundHandler(RemoteMessage message) async {
  // If you're going to use other Firebase services in the background, such as Firestore,
  // make sure you call `initializeApp` before using other Firebase services.
  await Firebase.initializeApp();

  print("Handling a background message: ${message.messageId}");
}



void main() async {
  
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  await Firebase.initializeApp(
    options: DefaultFirebaseOptions.currentPlatform,
  );
  FirebaseMessaging.onBackgroundMessage(firebaseMessagingBackgroundHandler); // 추가

  final fcmToken = await FirebaseMessaging.instance.getToken();
  log("fcmToken: $fcmToken");

  runApp(const MyApp());
}

 

 

6. 포그라운드 상태에서 메세지 수신 코드 추가

 

FirebaseMessaging.onMessage.listen((RemoteMessage message) {
  print('Got a message whilst in the foreground!');
  print('Message data: ${message.data}');

  if (message.notification != null) {
    print('Message also contained a notification: ${message.notification}');
  }
});

 

 

7. 메세지 수신 핸들링

 

이러한 이유로 안드로이드는 채널을 만들고 알림을 위해 flutter_local_notifications 패키지의 flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin을 사용해야 한다. 

 

var channel = const AndroidNotificationChannel(
  'high_importance_channel', // id
  'High Importance Notifications', // name
  description: 'This channel is used for important notifications.', // description
  importance: Importance.high,
);

 

 var flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin = FlutterLocalNotificationsPlugin();
  await flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin
    .resolvePlatformSpecificImplementation<AndroidFlutterLocalNotificationsPlugin>()
    ?.createNotificationChannel(channel);

  FirebaseMessaging.onMessage.listen((RemoteMessage message) {
    print('Got a message whilst in the foreground!');
    print('Message data: ${message.data}');

    if (message.notification != null) {
      print('Message also contained a notification: ${message.notification}');
      flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin.show(
        message.hashCode,
        message.notification?.title,
        message.notification?.body,
        NotificationDetails(
          android: AndroidNotificationDetails(
            channel.id,
            channel.name,
            channelDescription: channel.description,
            icon: '@mipmap/ic_launcher',
          ),
          iOS: const DarwinNotificationDetails(
            badgeNumber: 1,
            subtitle: 'subtitle',
            sound: 'slow_spring_board.aiff',
          )
        )
      );
    }
  });

 

 

 

 

 

8. fcm 푸시 내용 작성

 

캠페인 만들기

 

 

 

9. 기기로 발급받은 fcm 토큰 등록

 

 

 

10. 푸시 확인

 

 

 

---

클라우드 메세징 캠페인을 만들어서 푸시를 보내면 시간차가 조금 있는 듯하다.

개발할 때는 캠페인 만들기에서 테스트를 사용하는게 빠를 것 같다.

 

 

---

 

// main.dart
import 'dart:developer';

import 'package:firebase_core/firebase_core.dart';
import 'package:firebase_messaging/firebase_messaging.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_notification/firebase_options.dart';
import 'package:flutter_notification/firebase_setting.dart';

void main() async {

  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  await Firebase.initializeApp(
    options: DefaultFirebaseOptions.currentPlatform,
  );
  FirebaseMessaging.onBackgroundMessage(firebaseMessagingBackgroundHandler);

  final fcmToken = await FirebaseMessaging.instance.getToken();
  log("fcmToken: $fcmToken");

  setNotification();
  
  runApp(const MyApp());
}


// firebase_setting.dart
import 'package:firebase_messaging/firebase_messaging.dart';
import 'package:flutter_local_notifications/flutter_local_notifications.dart';

@pragma('vm:entry-point')
Future<void> firebaseMessagingBackgroundHandler(RemoteMessage message) async {
  // If you're going to use other Firebase services in the background, such as Firestore,
  // make sure you call `initializeApp` before using other Firebase services.
  // await Firebase.initializeApp();

  print("Handling a background message: ${message.messageId}");
}

Future<void> setNotification() async {

  // 채널 생성
  var channel = const AndroidNotificationChannel(
    'high_importance_channel', // id
    'High Importance Notifications', // name
    description: 'This channel is used for important notifications.', // description
    importance: Importance.high,
  );

  var flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin = FlutterLocalNotificationsPlugin();
  await flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin
    .resolvePlatformSpecificImplementation<AndroidFlutterLocalNotificationsPlugin>()
    ?.createNotificationChannel(channel);


  // 포그라운드 메세지 수신
  FirebaseMessaging.onMessage.listen((RemoteMessage message) {
    print('Got a message whilst in the foreground!');
    print('Message data: ${message.data}');

    if (message.notification != null) {
      print('Message also contained a notification: ${message.notification}');
      flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin.show(
        message.hashCode,
        message.notification?.title,
        message.notification?.body,
        NotificationDetails(
          android: AndroidNotificationDetails(
            channel.id,
            channel.name,
            channelDescription: channel.description,
            icon: '@mipmap/ic_launcher',
          ),
          iOS: const DarwinNotificationDetails(
            badgeNumber: 1,
            subtitle: 'subtitle',
            sound: 'slow_spring_board.aiff',
          )
        )
      );
    }
  });
}